Variance

State or US EPA permission not to meet a certain drinking water standard. The water system must prove that: (1) it cannot meet a Maximum Contaminant Level, even while using the best available treatment method, because of the characteristics of

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Violation

A failure to meet any state or federal drinking water regulation.

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Vulnerability Assessment

An evaluation of drinking water source quality and its vulnerability to contamination by pathogens and toxic chemicals.

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Water Sample

The water that is analyzed for the presence of US EPA-regulated drinking water contaminants. Depending on the regulation, US EPA requires water systems and states to take samples from source water, from water leaving the treatment facility, or from the

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Watershed

The land area from which water drains into a stream, river, or reservoir

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Wellhead Protection Area

The area surrounding a drinking water well or well field which is protected to prevent contamination of the well(s).

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